Europe

Europe
 * Spread of Islam causes hatred and fear throughout Christian Europe
 * Christianity, main religious factor throughout Europe civilization
 * Europe practised strongly in the spread of new religious beliefs
 * Muslims spread through Islam creating ‘ cultural fusion” which later aided Europe and American history
 * Muslim and Jewish science helps Europe intellectual life
 * Muslim writers who interacted with Europeans viewed them as “ tragically backward” due to their lack of advances and manners
 * Founder of Carolingian Charles Martel was responsible for defeating Muslims in the battle of Tours in 732 pushing them to Spain “preserving” Christianity throughout Europe ( Used their exhaustion and overextended invasion force to win)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Christian states attack Spain peninsula aiming at Muslim government during the 10th Century
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Full expulsion of Muslim leaders/rulers by 1492
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Attack of Islam during the expansion move against Muslim control of the Holy Land by Pope Urban II

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">PAGe 220 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This image symbolizes the good ( king Richard ) and the bad (Saladin) of the 2 religions Christianity and Muslims. Also in the times of war between the two it helped state who exactly felt were to come out victorious.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ottoman Turks (muslim) conquer by 14th and 15th century ruling for 7 centuries creating Muslim minority by bringing in Sufis and forcing conversion ( Christians hold strong)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">After the decline of the Ottoman empire Muslims still held around 20% of the region although hostilities were expanding